Research Resources

Data

Global Subsidiary Footprint Index (GAFI)

The GAFI captures the proportion of total affiliates owned by a company in a given country and time. The dataset covers the 2,000 largest firms at the international level and their total affiliates in 129 countries in the period 2007-2019.

The GAFI considers the MNE’s ownership percentage of each affiliate. For countries where the MNE has no operations, economic importance equals zero.

  • MNEs:
    • 1,891 largest companies by revenue as of December 2020 (worldwide)
    • 10,874 multiple-owner subsidiaries, 534,790 single-owner subsidiaries–all disambiguated by global ultimate owner
    • 63 countries of origin
    • Active and publicly listed
    • With revenues over USD$4.2 billion, median of USD$9.2 billion
    • Median total employees 24,500
    • All industries

The data set is free for non-commercial purposes with the following citation:

Ballesteros, Luis and Catherine Magelssen. “Institutional disruptions and the philanthropy of multinational enterprises” Organization Science (2022) https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1491.

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Replication

Ballesteros, Luis and Vontrese Pamphile. “The Dual Labor Effects of Corporate Philanthropy”: https://osf.io/an4m6/?view_only=c252d99b593c48cfa14e99cd6bb77224. Experiment preregistration: https://aspredicted.org/9GP_2NR.

Ballesteros, Luis and Tyler Wry. “How the Uncertainty Associated with Social Issues Influences the Returns of Corporate Philanthropy”: https://osf.io/ne47s/?view_only=ee4d681c7fae457493ca203e30159b1c.

Ballesteros, Luis. “The Influence of MNE’s Local Reputation on the Financial Rents from Responding to Large Disasters”: https://osf.io/yxn2z/?view_only=6516635a9fe845608bb6ec2e46bbd4c5

Ballesteros, Luis. “Unleashing Innovation in the Wake of Disaster: Patenting Increases Post-Hurricane Katrina.”: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/y2qnutn11s1bpd73uzwq3/Spring-24.-Appendix-Disasters-and-Innovation.pdf?rlkey=y2ogyvg37ijjhg6ag27b8oq9q&dl=0

Magelssen, Catherine, Ballesteros, Luis, and Casidhe Troyer. “Redefining Innovation Management: The Comparative Advantage of Headquarters and Subsidiaries in Managing R&D”: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/z0e44iy5l4raz7gkyacdp/Appendix.-MNE-Innovation.pdf?rlkey=3rme16tgdvyx635r7uhbdh1c0&dl=0

Ballesteros, Luis and Catherine Magelssen. “Institutional disruptions and the philanthropy of multinational enterprises” Organization Science (2022) https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1491. Appendix: “Institutional disruptions and the philanthropy of MNEs.”Additional analyses, data description, and replication: https://www.institutionaldisruptions.org/